Environment setupPython Tooling
python -m venv
Create virtual environments for dependency isolation.
python -m venv .venvPython Tooling
Environment setup, packaging, formatting, and runtime utilities.
12 commandspythonvenvpip
Command catalog
Environment setupPython Tooling
source <env>/bin/activate
<env>\Scripts\activateActivate venv environments on Unix-like systems and Windows.
source .venv/bin/activateEnvironment setupPython Tooling
pip install
pip uninstallManage project dependencies inside the active environment.
pip install -r requirements.txtPackaging and toolingPython Tooling
pip list
pip freezeReview installed packages or capture dependency locks.
pip list --outdatedPackaging and toolingPython Tooling
python -m build
Create source and wheel distributions for packaging projects.
python -m buildPackaging and toolingPython Tooling
twine upload
Publish built packages to PyPI or private indices.
twine upload dist/*Quality and formattingPython Tooling
ruff
flake8Lint Python codebases for stylistic and logical issues.
ruff check .Quality and formattingPython Tooling
black
isortFormat source files and sort imports consistently.
black .Quality and formattingPython Tooling
pytest
Execute automated tests with fixtures and coverage.
pytestRuntime utilitiesPython Tooling
python
Run scripts or launch interactive REPL sessions.
python <script>.py --flag valueRuntime utilitiesPython Tooling
python -m pdb
Start the built-in debugger for interactive tracing.
python -m pdb <script>.pyRuntime utilitiesPython Tooling
python -m cProfile
Profile Python applications to analyze performance bottlenecks.
python -m cProfile -o profile.out <script>.py